08 Terminology · Governance · Scale · Cross-org

Terminology governance
at scale

When a product ships without shared language, every team invents their own. I built Meta's wrist wearable terminology governance from scratch — 90+ terms across hardware, health, UX, and AI, with rules every writer, engineer, and localization partner could actually use.

90+
Terms governed
3→1
Competing systems converged
44
Settings UI copy standardized
7
Locales tested
FDA
Health terminology aligned

No shared language.
Every team inventing its own.

On the wrist wearable, engineering called a UI element one thing, design called it another, and product marketing used a third. Localization teams were translating inconsistent source copy. Health features had terminology that needed FDA alignment. And new terms were being coined in meetings and Figma files faster than anyone could track them.

There was no terminology system. No single source of truth. No process for deciding what we call things.

I was not asked to do this. I saw the problem, scoped the solution, and built it.

Why this is hard
Terminology governance sounds bureaucratic. It's not. Every team thinks their term is the right one. Legal, Trademark, product marketing, and engineering all have different constraints. Health terminology has regulatory implications. Localization needs stable source copy — every rename creates rework across 20+ markets. And there's no natural owner for this work.

Audit everything.
Then build the system.

I started by auditing every term in use across the product — hardware names, software labels, health feature terminology, UI component names, settings categories. I found inconsistencies everywhere: the same feature referred to by different names in the app, on the watch, and in marketing materials.

I met with content designers across product lines to combine and audit learnings and find patterns. I worked with localization managers to understand what was breaking in translation. I partnered with Legal and product marketing to understand which names had trademark constraints.

Then I built the governance system: defined terms with approved usage and deprecated alternatives, created concrete "use this, not that" rules (not style-guide abstractions), aligned health terminology with regulatory requirements, and converged competing systems into single umbrella terms. I also built the governance process itself — how new terms get proposed, reviewed, and approved, so the system maintains itself without me.

A system that
runs without me.

Governance system
90+ terms defined

Approved usage, deprecated alternatives, and context for when each applies — covering hardware, health, UX, and AI terminology across the product.

Process
Self-sustaining governance

A process for proposing, reviewing, and approving new terms — so the system maintains itself and doesn't require a human lookup table.

Localization
7-locale testing

Guidance tested across Danish, Spanish (Spain), Spanish (Latin America), French, Italian, Japanese, and Korean — reducing translation rework and preventing drift across markets.

One spreadsheet.
Five domains. 90+ terms.

The global glossary wasn't a document — it was a system. Five sheets, each covering a distinct domain, each with the same structure: term, description, whether it appears in UI, whether it's in Acrolinx (Meta's terminology enforcement tool), usage guidance, localization flag, owner, and status. Every term traceable. Every decision documented.

Sheet
Domain
What it covers
Example terms
Hardware
Physical product
Device names, buttons, sensors, form factors
Meta Watch · side button · corner button · band · watch screen
Inputs
Gestures & interaction
EMG gestures, taps, presses, voice — with exact phrasing for UI instructions
tap · index tap · index double tap · triple press · side button press
Core UX
Interface & navigation
Surfaces, modes, actions, system patterns, components
watch face · notification center · control center · live activity · panel widget · app launcher
Health
Health & fitness
FDA-aligned health metrics, workout terminology, sleep, blood pressure
heart rate · blood pressure · active calories · Cal (not cal) · sleep duration
App & Feature Names
Product naming
App labels, feature names, cross-device naming alignment
Messages · Messaging · Clock · live AI · driving detection · find device

Each term also tracked its Acrolinx status — Meta's terminology enforcement tool that flags non-preferred terms in real-time as writers type. Getting a term into Acrolinx isn't just documentation. It's infrastructure: the term becomes enforced, not just recommended.

Every decision documented.
With the reasoning.

Terminology governance isn't just about picking the right word. It's about documenting why — so the next person doesn't have to relitigate the same decision. The content decisions log tracked every call, with context, rationale, and who owned it. A few representative examples:

Oct 9, 2025 Resolved
Ellipsis usage — when to use "…"
✓ Use when the user initiated an action and the system is waiting: "Calling Alicia…"
✗ Don't use for system states the user didn't trigger: "Incoming audio call" (no ellipsis — it's declarative, not in-progress)
The differentiator: who initiated. If the user did and there's a waiting period, ellipsis signals motion. If the system did, it's a state — stable and complete.
Sep 3, 2025 Resolved
"turned on" / "turn on" — not "powered on" or "switched on"
✓ Use "turned on" and "turn on" OS-wide
✗ Avoid "powered on," "switched on," "enabled" (unless in a settings toggle context)
Aligned with the conversational register of the product. "Powered on" reads as technical; "switched on" reads as British English. "Turned on" is the natural, device-agnostic phrase.
Aug 28, 2025 Resolved
"Messaging" vs. "Messages" — umbrella vs. app
✓ Use "Messaging" for the all-up capability (SMS, WhatsApp, Messenger)
✓ Use "Messages" as the label for the native SMS-only app
✗ Don't use "Messaging" to refer to the SMS app specifically
Aligns with the HN naming brief. Prevents confusion when users have WhatsApp and Messenger also installed — "Messaging" is the category, "Messages" is the app.
Sep 3, 2025 Resolved
"TalkBack" → "screen reader"
✓ Use "screen reader" in settings and UI
✗ Don't use "TalkBack" (Android-specific brand name)
"TalkBack" is Google's implementation. Using it on a Meta device creates a brand confusion risk and doesn't generalize if the underlying technology changes. "Screen reader" is the accessible, device-agnostic term.
Sep 25, 2025 Resolved
AM/PM in the watch header
✗ Don't include AM/PM in the watch screen header
✓ Do include AM/PM in notifications, reminders, and time-specific contexts
Consistent with Apple Watch, Samsung, and Pixel Watch. Limited real estate in the header; AM/PM adds visual noise without adding clarity in the ambient state. Time specificity matters in notifications — not on the face.
Sep 24, 2025 Resolved
"Wallet" vs. "Payments" — feature naming
✓ Use "Wallet" globally (ROW)
✓ Use "Payments" in India only (regulatory requirement)
"Wallet" won on scalability and intuitiveness. "Payments" is clearer at launch but narrow. India exception driven by government regulatory requirements — not a design preference. MZ-approved Oct 2025.

Not just building it.
Using it.

Meta's wearables org has a dedicated terminology governance function — a terms lead who maintains the org-wide glossary and runs weekly office hours. I wasn't just building my own system in isolation. I was a regular participant in that governance process, bringing wrist wearable terminology questions for alignment and contributing to the shared infrastructure.

Three sessions from the terms lead's own notes:

August 21, 2025
Wrist wearable terminology check-in
Brought the WIP glossary for review. Together we worked through the core surfaces list — watch face, notification center, control center, app launcher, widgets center — and flagged terms that needed cross-device alignment with the glasses team. Identified that "Wallet" needed due diligence before committing (Legal, PMM, Trademark, international markets). Started the cross-device mapping: where wrist wearable and glasses align, and where they intentionally diverge.
October 14, 2025
"It was the Ashlee Phillips show"
Full hour on wrist wearable terminology alignment — gestures in the product tour, punctuation rules (to period or not), button naming, and whether to use the button's name or just its function in educational copy. The terms lead's own summary: "#thanks Ashlee Phillips for coming to Terminology OH to align on all things wrist wearable and get alignment on our terminology work and documentation. Your participation helps drive us toward better alignment and quality as we look to ship wrist devices."
March 18, 2026
Full hour on the 90+ term Acrolinx consultation
Brought the complete Acrolinx consultation request — 90+ terms to add, update, or sunset for the 2026 launch. Worked through: sunsetting deprecated terms from the previous product generation, resolving definition conflicts between devices ("display" means something different on glasses vs. a watch), and the screen/display/face concept map. Also aligned on health terminology: "Cal" (capital C) for kilocalories, not "cal" — a small detail with regulatory implications.

Late naming changes
virtually eliminated.

Three competing terminology systems converged into one on the wrist wearable — for example, "widget" became the umbrella term, deprecating "complication" and "glanceable." Forty-four settings UI copy were standardized across app and hardware — the full language standard (including the four rules and decision rationale) lives in the Settings IA case study. Late naming changes during content lock were virtually eliminated.

Localization rework dropped — stable source copy meant fewer translation cycles. The system was adopted by adjacent teams and extended to a new AI product line.

The lesson I carried forward: if people keep coming to you with the same question, the answer isn't to keep answering — it's to build the thing that answers for you.

"Ashlee has been our steward for terminology, including preventing the team from naming regressions introduced by mistake and/or due to the product process being so lengthy."

— Product design peer

"Thanks for spearheading this work and getting the team to align and document terminology. This is going to be so valuable for our team as we grow and look to stay aligned across the product."

— Content design peer